直噴エンジンその1
直噴エンジンは、空気だけをシリンダ内に吸入し燃料は直接シリンダ内に噴射します。
一方、従来からある直噴でないエンジンは
吸気管内に燃料を噴射します。吸気管内で燃料と空気を混ぜ合わせてから、
その混合気をシリンダ内に吸入します。
直噴エンジンにすることで、もたらされるメリットは何か?
燃費の向上です。
燃費が向上する理由は?
理由その1
「エンジンの吸入時に使う力が少なくてすむ」
エンジンがパワーをあまり必要としないとき(低負荷)に、吸気管内噴射と直
噴で燃費に差が出ます。
吸気管内噴射
低負荷時は噴射する燃料が少ないため、燃える濃度の混合気を作るのに空気
の量を減らす必要がある。
そのためスロットルを閉める必要がある。
直噴
低負荷時は噴射する燃料が少なくても、スパークプラグ周辺に燃える濃度の
混合気があればよいので、吸う空気の量が多くても問題ない。
そのためスロットルを閉めて空気の量を減らす必要が無い。
このスロットルの動きの違いがポイントです。
直噴は低負荷時にスロットルを閉めなくて良いので、吸気管内噴射よりもエ
ンジンが吸入時に使う力が少なくて済みます。
この違いは、ピストンを引いて注射器の中に空気を入れようとしたときに、
注射器の先端をふさいだ場合とふさがない場合でピストンを引く重さが違う
のを想像すると分かりやすいと思います。
吸入時に使う力が減るので燃費が良くなると言うわけです。
理由その2
「圧縮比を高く出来る」
直噴エンジンは燃料を直接シリンダ内に噴射するため、シリンダ内が冷やさ
れます。(燃料が蒸発するときに周りの熱を奪うため)
これによりノッキングが発生しにくくなるので、圧縮比を高く出来ます。
圧縮比を高くするとエンジンの効率が上がるので、燃費が良くなります。
主に、これらの理由から
「直噴」は「吸気管内噴射」に比べて燃費がよくなります。
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自動車エンジンの仕組み
- エンジンの種類
- ディーゼルエンジン
- ガソリンエンジン
- 直噴エンジンその1
- 直噴エンジンその2
- EGRシステム
- スロットル
- エアフローセンサ
- エアクリーナー
- 過給機
- ターボチャージャーその1
- ターボチャージャーその2
- 可変ノズルターボ
- スーパーチャージャー
- スワール
- バルブタイミング
- 可変バルブタイミング
- 可変バルブタイミングおまけ
- ガソリン
- 軽油
- 代替燃料
- ディーゼル噴射装置
- コモンレール
- グロープラグ
- ガソリン噴射装置
- スパークプラグ
- ノッキング
- ノッキング(ガソリンエンジン)
- ノッキング(ディーゼルエンジン)
- 圧縮比
- エンジンの排出ガス
- 排出ガス(ディーゼルエンジン)
- トラックの排出ガス
- DPFその1
- DPFその2
- 尿素SCRシステム
- 用語集:エンジン
- 用語集:吸気系
- 用語集:噴射・燃焼系
- 用語集:排気系
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